A3D 3.2.1

License.txt

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+
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+Library.

Readme.txt

+Welcome to the installation of Alpine3D!
+This installer will guide you through installing Alpine3D and its html documentation. You can always check Alpine3D's home page at https://models.slf.ch/p/alpine3d to follow what is going on with Alpine3D!
+
+In order to run the examples, please follow the "Getting Started" section in the html documentation.
+
+You can find this file after installation in the "doc" directory of Alpine3D.

Welcome.txt

+Alpine3D is a spatially distributed (surface), three dimensional (atmospheric) model for analyzing and predicting dynamics of snow-dominated surface processes in mountainous topography. It includes models for snow cover (SNOWPACK), vegetation and soil, snow transport, radiation transfer and runoff which can be enabled or disabled on demand.
+
+The model supports a variety of input options including interpolation of meteorological weather stations, input from a meteorological model or from remote sensing data (MeteoIO) and has been parallelized in order to run on a multi-core computer (with open-mp or a cluster (with MPI).
+
+Alpine3D has a broad variety of potential applications. Most dominant is the assessment of snow water resource dynamics in mountain catchments (Michlmayr et al., 2008). This includes predictions of future snow on the basis of climate change scenarios (Bavay et al., 2009, 2012). One exotic application of the model system Alpine3D is the forecasting of surface temperatures on ski-pistes, e.g. for the Vancouver winter olympics. For this forecast local shadings (might) change surface temperature up to 5 °C.
\ No newline at end of file

alpine3d.lsm

+Begin4
+Title:          Alpine3D
+Version:        3.2.0
+Entered-date:   2020-10-03
+Description:    Spatially distributed, three dimensional model of snow-dominated surface processes in mountainous topography.
+Keywords:       alpine meteorology, catchment, energy balance, snow
+Author:         bavay@slf.ch (Mathias Bavay)
+Maintained-by:  bavay@slf.ch (Mathias Bavay)
+Primary-site:   http://models.slf.ch p/alpine3d/downloads/362/get/
+                10.41 M Alpine3D-3.2.0-src.tar.gz
+Home-page:      http://models.slf.ch/p/meteoio
+Platforms:      Linux and other Unices, Windows, OsX
+Copying-policy: GNU Lesser Public License version 3
+End

alpine3d/Alpine3D.h

+/***********************************************************************************/
+/*  Copyright 2009-2015 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research    SLF-DAVOS      */
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of Alpine3D.
+    Alpine3D is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    Alpine3D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with Alpine3D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+#ifndef ALPINE3D_H
+#define ALPINE3D_H
+
+#include <alpine3d/DataAssimilation.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/Alpine3D.h>
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineControl.h>
+#include <alpine3d/MPIControl.h>
+#include <alpine3d/OMPControl.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/MainPage.h>
+#include <alpine3d/MeteoObj.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/runoff/prevah_runoff/fortran_and_c.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/runoff/prevah_runoff/Runoff.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/runoff/prevah_runoff/f77-uscore.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/runoff/prevah_runoff/wasim.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/runoff/prevah_runoff/ascii.h>
+#include <alpine3d/runoff/Runoff.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/SnowDriftParallel.h>
+#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/checksum.h>
+#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/SnowDrift.h>
+#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/Cell.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/EBStruct.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/TerrainRadiationHelbig.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/EnergyBalance.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/RadiationField.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/VFSymetricMatrix.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/TerrainRadiationSimple.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/ViewFactorsHelbig.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/ViewFactors.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/ViewFactorsCluster.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/TerrainRadiation.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/ViewFactorsSectors.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/ViewFactorsAlgorithm.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/TerrainRadiationAlgorithm.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/ebalance/TerrainRadiationPETSc.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/clock.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/SnowDriftParallel.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/DriftData.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/checksum.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/SnowDrift.h>
+//#include <alpine3d/snowdrift_par/AziSlope.h>
+#include <alpine3d/Glaciers.h>
+#include <alpine3d/TechSnowA3D.h>
+#include <alpine3d/SnowpackInterface.h>
+#include <alpine3d/SnowpackInterfaceWorker.h>
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineMain.h>
+
+#endif

alpine3d/AlpineControl.cc

+/***********************************************************************************/
+/*  Copyright 2009-2015 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research    SLF-DAVOS      */
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of Alpine3D.
+    Alpine3D is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    Alpine3D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with Alpine3D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineControl.h>
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineMain.h>
+#include <meteoio/MeteoIO.h>
+
+using namespace mio;
+using namespace std;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Constructs and initialise the time steps loop.
+ * This module calls all the necessary other modules (ie thoese that have been enabled) and runs through the time steps.
+ * @param mysnowpack pointer to the initialized SNOWPACK Manager
+ * @param mysnowdrift pointer to the initialized Snowdrift Manager
+ * @param myeb pointer to the initialized radiation manager
+ * @param myda pointer to the initialized data assimilation Manager
+ * @param myrunoff pointer to the initialized runoff Manager
+ * @param cfg User configuration keys
+ * @param dem DEM defining the simulation
+ */
+AlpineControl::AlpineControl(SnowpackInterface *mysnowpack, SnowDriftA3D *mysnowdrift, EnergyBalance *myeb, DataAssimilation *myda, Runoff *myrunoff, const Config& cfg, const DEMObject& dem)
+              : meteo(cfg, dem), snowpack(mysnowpack), snowdrift(mysnowdrift), eb(myeb), da(myda), runoff(myrunoff),
+                snow_days_between(0.), nocompute(false), out_snow(true)
+{
+	cfg.getValue("SNOW_WRITE", "Output", out_snow);
+	if (out_snow) {
+		cfg.getValue("SNOW_DAYS_BETWEEN", "Output", snow_days_between);
+	}
+}
+
+void AlpineControl::Run(Date i_startdate, const unsigned int max_steps)
+{// This function organizes the whole simulation:
+// initializations, time loop, getting input data, computing each time step and finally writing outputs
+	Date calcDate(i_startdate); //Date object initialized to julian 0.0 in local time zone with no DST
+	const double timeStep = dt_main/86400.;
+	Timer elapsed;
+	std::vector<MeteoData> vecMeteo; // to transfer meteo information
+	mio::Grid2DObject p, psum, psum_ph, vw, dw, rh, ta, ilwr;
+	const bool isMaster = MPIControl::instance().master();
+
+	if (isMaster) {
+		cout << "\n**** Done initializing\n";
+		cout << "**** Starting Calculation on date: " << calcDate.toString(Date::ISO) << " using Alpine3D version " << A3D_VERSION << "\n";
+		if (nocompute) 
+			cout << "**** Performing dry run (--no-compute option)\n";
+		cout << "\n";
+		
+		if (nocompute) {
+			const Grid2DObject maskGlacier( snowpack->getGrid(SnGrids::GLACIER) );
+			meteo.setGlacierMask(maskGlacier);
+		}
+	}
+
+	//if the meteo data would need to be resampled, we try to fill the buffer with a date a little bit before
+	if (snowdrift) meteo.setSkipWind(true); //do not fill grids if met3D
+	meteo.prepare(i_startdate);
+	
+	elapsed.start();
+	for (unsigned int t_ind=0; t_ind<max_steps; t_ind++) { //main computational loop
+		const double elapsed_start = elapsed.getElapsed();
+		const double est_completion = elapsed_start * ((double)max_steps/(double)(t_ind+1) - 1.);
+
+		if (isMaster) {
+			cout << "\nSimulation step " << t_ind+1 << "/" << max_steps << " at time step " << calcDate.toString(mio::Date::ISO_TZ) << "\n";
+			cout << std::fixed << "Elapsed time: " << setprecision(1) << elapsed_start << " seconds\nEstimated completion in " << est_completion/3600. << " hours\n";
+		}
+		
+		//for --no-compute, simply check the data and move on
+		if (nocompute) {
+			meteo.prepare(calcDate); //prepare the current timestep (because it could not be prepared before)
+			meteo.checkMeteoForcing(calcDate);
+			calcDate += timeStep; //move to next time step
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		//get 1D and 2D meteo for the current time step
+		try {
+			meteo.get(calcDate, vecMeteo);
+			meteo.get(calcDate, ta, rh, psum, psum_ph, vw, dw, p, ilwr);
+		} catch (IOException&) {
+			//saving state files before bailing out
+			if (isMaster) {
+				if (out_snow && t_ind>0 && snowpack) 
+					snowpack->writeOutputSNO(calcDate-1./24.); //output for last hour
+				throw;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		if (t_ind < (max_steps-1)) {
+			meteo.prepare(calcDate+timeStep); //prepare next timestep
+		}
+
+		if (eb) {
+			eb->setStations(vecMeteo);
+		}
+
+		if (!snowdrift) { //otherwise snowdrift calls snowpack.setMeteo()
+			if (snowpack) snowpack->setMeteo(psum, psum_ph, vw, dw, rh, ta, calcDate);
+		}
+
+		try { //Snowdrift
+			if (snowdrift) {
+				//meteo1d(MeteoData::TA) : big TODO, see with Christine if we could get rid of it
+				snowdrift->setMeteo(t_ind, psum, psum_ph, p, vw, rh, ta, ilwr, calcDate, vecMeteo);
+				snowdrift->Compute(calcDate);
+			}
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			cout << "[E] Exception: Snowdrift compute\n";
+			cout << e.what() << endl;
+			throw;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			if (eb && !snowdrift) { //otherwise snowdrift calls eb.setMeteo()
+				eb->setMeteo(ilwr, ta, rh, p, calcDate);
+			}
+		} catch (std::bad_alloc&) {
+			cout << "[E] AlpineControl : Virtual memory exceeded\n";
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			cout << "[E] Exception: Ebalance compute\n";
+			cout << e.what() << endl;
+			throw;
+		}
+
+		try { //Data Assimilation
+			if (da) da->Compute(calcDate);
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			cout << "[E] Exception: Data Assimilation compute\n";
+			cout << e.what() << endl;
+			throw;
+		}
+
+		try { //do some outputs
+			if ( snowpack && out_snow && (t_ind > 0)) {
+				const unsigned int output_step = static_cast<unsigned int>( Optim::round(snow_days_between*24.) );
+				if (snow_days_between>0 && (t_ind%output_step)==0)
+					snowpack->writeOutputSNO(calcDate);
+			}
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			printf("[e] Exception: time dependent outputs\n");
+			cout << e.what() << endl;
+			throw;
+		}
+
+		if (isMaster) {
+			cout << "[i] timing (seconds spent): " << std::setprecision(3) << std::fixed<< "\n";
+			cout << "\tmeteo=" << meteo.getTiming() << "  ";
+
+			if (eb) cout << "ebalance=" << eb->getTiming() << "  ";
+			if (snowdrift) cout << "snowdrift=" << snowdrift->getTiming() << "  ";
+			if (snowpack) cout << "snowpack=" << snowpack->getTiming() << "  ";
+			if (runoff) cout << "runoff=" << runoff->getTiming() << " ";
+
+			cout << "\n\ttotal=" << elapsed.getElapsed()-elapsed_start << endl;
+		}
+
+		calcDate += timeStep; //move to next time step
+
+	} /* For all times max_steps */
+
+	//Finish the program: Write SNO Files and put final output on the screen
+	if (snowpack && out_snow && !nocompute){
+		if (isMaster) cout << "[i] Simulation finished, writing output files...\n";
+		snowpack->writeOutputSNO(calcDate);
+	 }
+}
+

alpine3d/AlpineControl.h

+/***********************************************************************************/
+/*  Copyright 2009-2015 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research    SLF-DAVOS      */
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of Alpine3D.
+    Alpine3D is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    Alpine3D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with Alpine3D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+#ifndef ALPINECONTROL_H
+#define ALPINECONTROL_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <meteoio/MeteoIO.h>
+#include <snowpack/libsnowpack.h>
+
+#include <alpine3d/SnowpackInterface.h>
+#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/SnowDrift.h>
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/EnergyBalance.h>
+#include <alpine3d/DataAssimilation.h>
+#include <alpine3d/MeteoObj.h>
+#include <alpine3d/MPIControl.h>
+
+/**
+ * @page restarts Restarts
+ * It is possible to regularly dump the exact status of each simulated pixel and then restart from a previously saved such backup.
+ * In order to do so, it is necessary to enable writting out these status files, to copy them at the required timestep and then tell the model
+ * to reread them when starting. These files are just regular SMET ".sno" files such as produced and used by Snowpack but for each simulated pixel. 
+ * 
+ * The following keys control this process, in the [Output] section:
+ * 	+ SNOW_WRITE: is set to TRUE, enable writing these files;
+ * 	+ SNOW_DAYS_BETWEEN: how many days between two updates to these files;
+ *
+ * On the command line, the switch "--restart" tells Alpine3D to read one file for each pixel instead of one file per land use class. Of course, all
+ * the usual configuration keys for the "sno" files apply (see \ref reading_snow_files "reading snow files").
+ * 
+ * @note You MUST set the key "EXPERIMENT_NAME" in the [Output] section since this is used to name the files necessary for restarts
+ */
+
+class AlpineControl
+{
+	public:
+		AlpineControl(SnowpackInterface *mysnowpack,
+		              SnowDriftA3D *mysnowdrift,
+		              EnergyBalance *myeb,
+		              DataAssimilation *myda,
+		              Runoff *myrunoff,
+		              const mio::Config& cfg,
+		              const mio::DEMObject& dem);
+		void Run(mio::Date i_startdate, const unsigned int max_steps);
+		void setNoCompute(bool i_nocompute) {nocompute = i_nocompute;}
+
+	private:
+		MeteoObj meteo;
+		
+		SnowpackInterface *snowpack;
+		SnowDriftA3D *snowdrift;
+		EnergyBalance *eb;
+		DataAssimilation* da;
+		Runoff* runoff;
+		double snow_days_between;
+		bool nocompute, out_snow; // no computation, only parse inputs (check mode)
+};
+
+#endif

alpine3d/AlpineMain.cc

+/***********************************************************************************/
+/*  Copyright 2009-2015 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research    SLF-DAVOS      */
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of Alpine3D.
+    Alpine3D is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    Alpine3D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with Alpine3D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+#ifdef DEBUG_ARITHM
+	#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+		#define _GNU_SOURCE
+	#endif
+	#include <fenv.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <meteoio/MeteoIO.h>
+#include <snowpack/libsnowpack.h>
+
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineMain.h>
+#include <alpine3d/AlpineControl.h>
+#include <alpine3d/MPIControl.h>
+
+#include <alpine3d/ebalance/EnergyBalance.h>
+#include <alpine3d/snowdrift/SnowDrift.h>
+#include <alpine3d/SnowpackInterface.h>
+#include <alpine3d/DataAssimilation.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mio;
+
+//Global variables for AlpineMain
+static int steps = 0; //how many hours to simulate
+static Date startdate;
+
+static bool enable_eb=false, enable_drift=false, enable_runoff=false, enable_da=false, nocompute=false, restart=false;
+static int npsnowpack=1, npebalance=1;
+
+inline void Usage(char *prog)
+{
+	cout << "Usage: " << prog << "\n";
+	cout << "\t-a, --startdate=YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM (e.g.:2008-08-11T09:00)\n";
+	cout << "\t-z, --enddate=YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM (e.g.:2008-08-11T09:00) OR ";
+	cout << "-n, --steps=<number of timesteps>\n";
+	cout << "\t[--enable-eb] (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[--enable-runoff] (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[--enable-drift] (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[--enable-da] (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[--no-compute] Don't compute the simulation, only parse and validate the inputs (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[--restart] Restart simulation from previous .sno files (default:off)\n";
+	cout << "\t[-p, --np-snowpack=<number of processors for SnowPack>]\n";
+	cout << "\t[-b, --np-ebalance=<number of processors for Ebalance>]\n";
+	cout << "\t[-i, --iofile=<MeteoIO ini file> (default:./io.ini)]\n";
+	cout << "\t[-h, --help] Print help message and version information\n";
+
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+inline void parseCmdLine(int argc, char **argv, Config &cfg)
+{
+	std::string iofile( "io.ini" );
+	int eeb=0, edr=0, ero=0, eda=0, nco=0, rst=0;
+	int longindex=0, opt = -1;
+	bool setStart=false, setEnd=false, setSteps=false;
+	std::string start_date_input, end_date_input;
+
+	const struct option long_options[] =
+	{
+		/* These options set a flag. */
+		{"enable-eb",		no_argument,&eeb, 1},
+		{"enable-drift",	no_argument,&edr, 1},
+		{"enable-runoff",	no_argument,&ero, 1},
+		{"enable-da",		no_argument,&eda, 1},
+		{"no-compute",		no_argument,&nco, 1},
+		{"restart",		no_argument,&rst, 1},
+
+		/* These options don't set a flag.
+			We distinguish them by their indices. */
+		{"np-snowpack",		required_argument, 0, 'p'},
+		{"np-ebalance",		required_argument, 0, 'b'},
+		{"iofile",		required_argument, 0, 'i'},
+		{"startdate",		required_argument, 0, 'a'},
+		{"enddate",		required_argument, 0, 'z'},
+		{"steps",		required_argument, 0, 'n'},
+		{"help",		no_argument, 0, 'h'},
+		{0, 0, 0, 0}
+	};