Following a few coverity scans, several inconsistencies / potential bugs have...

Following a few coverity scans, several inconsistencies / potential bugs have been fixed. Since my commit to picojson got merged, the newest version of picojson has been taken.

meteoio/ResamplingAlgorithms2D.cc

@@ -207,7 +207,8 @@ void ResamplingAlgorithms2D::Bilinear(Array2D<double> &o_grid, const Array2D<dou
 	}
 }
 
-double ResamplingAlgorithms2D::BSpline_weight(const double &x) {
+double ResamplingAlgorithms2D::BSpline_weight(const double &x)
+{
 	double R = 0.;
 	if ((x+2.)>0.) R += Optim::pow3(x+2.);
 	if ((x+1.)>0.) R += -4.*Optim::pow3(x+1.);
@@ -250,16 +251,14 @@ void ResamplingAlgorithms2D::cubicBSpline(Array2D<double> &o_grid, const Array2D
 			}
 
 			if (avg_count==16) { //normal bicubic
-				o_grid(ii,jj) = F*(16/avg_count);
+				o_grid(ii,jj) = F;
 				if (o_grid(ii,jj)>max) o_grid(ii,jj)=max; //try to limit overshoot
 				else if (o_grid(ii,jj)<min) o_grid(ii,jj)=min; //try to limit overshoot
 			} else if (avg_count==0) o_grid(ii,jj) = IOUtils::nodata; //nodata-> nodata
 			else //not enought data points -> bilinear for this pixel
 				o_grid(ii,jj) = bilinear_pixel(i_grid, org_ii, org_jj, org_nx, org_ny, dx, dy);
-
 		}
 	}
-
 }
 
 } //namespace

meteoio/TimeSeriesManager.cc

@@ -136,15 +136,11 @@ void TimeSeriesManager::push_meteo_data(const IOUtils::ProcessingLevel& level, c
 	if (invalidate_cache) point_cache.clear(); //clear point cache, so that we don't return resampled values of deprecated data
 }
 
+//should we implement a cache for stationData?
 size_t TimeSeriesManager::getStationData(const Date& date, STATIONS_SET& vecStation)
 {
 	vecStation.clear();
-
-	if (processing_level == IOUtils::raw) {
-		iohandler.readStationData(date, vecStation);
-	} else {
-		iohandler.readStationData(date, vecStation); //HACK
-	}
+	iohandler.readStationData(date, vecStation);
 
 	return vecStation.size();
 }
@@ -244,11 +240,7 @@ size_t TimeSeriesManager::getMeteoData(const Date& i_date, METEO_SET& vecMeteo)
 
 void TimeSeriesManager::writeMeteoData(const std::vector< METEO_SET >& vecMeteo, const std::string& name)
 {
-	if (processing_level == IOUtils::raw) {
-		iohandler.writeMeteoData(vecMeteo, name);
-	} else {
-		iohandler.writeMeteoData(vecMeteo, name);
-	}
+	iohandler.writeMeteoData(vecMeteo, name);
 }
 
 double TimeSeriesManager::getAvgSamplingRate() const

meteoio/meteoFilters/ProcShade.cc

@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ double ProcShade::getMaskElevation(const std::vector< std::pair<double,double> >
 		x2 = mask[ii].first;
 		y2 = mask[ii].second;
 	} else {
-		x1 = mask.end()->first - 360.;
-		y1 = mask.end()->second;
-		x2 = mask.begin()->first;
-		y2 = mask.begin()->second;
+		x1 = mask.back().first - 360.;
+		y1 = mask.back().second;
+		x2 = mask.front().first;
+		y2 = mask.front().second;
 	}
 	
 	const double a = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ void ProcShade::readMask(const std::string& filter, const std::string& filename,
 		throw;
 	}
 	
+	if (o_mask.empty()) throw InvalidArgumentException("In filter 'SHADE', no valid mask found in file '"+filename+"'", AT);
 	std::sort(o_mask.begin(), o_mask.end(), sort_pred());
 }
 
@@ -203,6 +204,8 @@ void ProcShade::computeMask(const DEMObject& i_dem, const StationData& sd, std::
 	}
 	
 	i_dem.getHorizon(position, 10., o_mask); //by 10deg increments
+	if (o_mask.empty()) throw InvalidArgumentException( "In filter 'SHADE', could not compute mask from DEM '"+i_dem.llcorner.toString(Coords::LATLON)+"'", AT);
+
 	if (dump_mask) {
 		std::cout << "Horizon mask for station '" << sd.stationID << "'\n";
 		for (size_t ii=0; ii<o_mask.size(); ii++)

meteoio/plugins/ARPSIO.cc

@@ -280,13 +280,13 @@ void ARPSIO::read2DGrid_internal(FILE* &fin, const std::string& filename, Grid2D
 void ARPSIO::read3DGrid(Grid3DObject& grid_out, const std::string& i_name)
 {
 	const size_t pos = i_name.find_last_of(":");//a specific parameter can be provided as {filename}:{parameter}
-	const std::string filename = (pos!=IOUtils::npos)? grid3dpath_in +"/" + i_name.substr(0, pos) : grid3dpath_in +"/" + i_name;
-	if (pos==IOUtils::npos) { //TODO: read by default the first data grid that is found?
+	const std::string filename = (pos!=std::string::npos)? grid3dpath_in +"/" + i_name.substr(0, pos) : grid3dpath_in +"/" + i_name;
+	if (pos==std::string::npos) { //TODO: read by default the first data grid that is found?
 		listFields(i_name);
 		throw InvalidArgumentException("Please provide the parameter that has to be read!", AT);
 	}
 	
-	std::string parameter = (pos!=IOUtils::npos)?  i_name.substr(pos+1) : "";
+	std::string parameter = (pos!=std::string::npos)?  i_name.substr(pos+1) : "";
 	if (parameter=="DEM") { //this is called damage control... this is so ugly...
 		parameter = (is_true_arps)? "zp coordinat" : "zp_coordinat";
 	}
@@ -420,7 +420,6 @@ void ARPSIO::openGridFile(FILE* &fin, const std::string& filename)
 {
 	if (!FileUtils::fileExists(filename)) throw AccessException(filename, AT); //prevent invalid filenames
 	if ((fin=fopen(filename.c_str(),"r")) == NULL) {
-		fclose(fin);
 		throw AccessException("Can not open file "+filename, AT);
 	}
 

meteoio/plugins/CNRMIO.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <errno.h>
 
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ void CNRMIO::readMetaData(const int& ncid, std::vector<StationData>& vecStation)
 
 	//Parse to StationData objects
 	Coords location(coordin, coordinparam);
-	ostringstream ss;
+	std::ostringstream ss;
 	for (size_t ii=0; ii<dimlen; ii++) {
 		location.setLatLon(lat[ii], lon[ii], alt[ii]);
 
@@ -533,7 +534,14 @@ void CNRMIO::writeMeteoData(const std::vector< std::vector<MeteoData> >& vecMete
 	int ncid, did_time, vid_time, did_points;
 
 	const bool exists = FileUtils::fileExists(file_and_path);
-	if (exists) remove(file_and_path.c_str()); // NOTE: file is deleted if it exists
+	if (exists) {// NOTE: file is deleted if it exists
+		errno = 0;
+		if ( remove(file_and_path.c_str())!=0 ) {
+			std::ostringstream ss;
+			ss << "Error deleting file \"" << file_and_path << "\", possible reason: " << strerror(errno);
+			throw AccessException(ss.str(), AT);
+		}
+	}
 
 	map<string, double*> map_data; // holds a pointer for every C array to be written
 	map_data[cnrm_latitude] = new double[number_of_stations];

meteoio/plugins/DBO.cc

@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ std::map<std::string, std::vector<DBO::tsMeta> > getTsProperties(picojson::value
 			for (size_t jj=0; jj<array.size(); jj++) {
 				if (! array[jj].is<picojson::null>()) {
 					std::string code, device_code, agg_type;
-					double id;
-					unsigned int interval;
+					double id = -1.;
+					unsigned int interval = 0;
 					Date since, until;
 
 					const picojson::value::object& obj = array[jj].get<picojson::object>();
@@ -361,6 +361,7 @@ std::map<std::string, std::vector<DBO::tsMeta> > getTsProperties(picojson::value
 
 					if (device_code=="BATTERY" || device_code=="LOGGER") break;
 					if (agg_type=="SD") break; //we don't care about standard deviation anyway
+					if (id==-1.) break; //no id was provided
 
 					const std::string param_str( IOUtils::strToUpper( code.substr(0, code.find('_')) ) );
 					tsMap[param_str].push_back( DBO::tsMeta(since, until, agg_type, id, interval) );
@@ -470,6 +471,8 @@ void DBO::fillStationMeta()
 //read all data for the given station
 void DBO::readData(const Date& dateStart, const Date& dateEnd, std::vector<MeteoData>& vecMeteo, const size_t& stationindex)
 {
+	const Date Start(dateStart.getJulian(true), 0.);
+	const Date End(dateEnd.getJulian(true), 0.);
 	//debug info
 	/*for(size_t ii=0; ii<vecStationName.size(); ii++) {
 		for (std::map<std::string, std::vector<DBO::tsMeta> >::iterator it = vecTsMeta[ii].begin(); it != vecTsMeta[ii].end(); ++it) {
@@ -478,31 +481,32 @@ void DBO::readData(const Date& dateStart, const Date& dateEnd, std::vector<Meteo
 		}
 	}*/
 
-	//TODO: for station stationindex, loop over the timeseries that cover [dateStart, dateEnd] for the current station
+	//TODO: for station stationindex, loop over the timeseries that cover [Start, End] for the current station
 	//vecTsMeta[ stationindex ]
 
-	/*for (std::map<std::string, std::vector<DBO::tsMeta> >::iterator it = vecTsMeta[stationindex].begin(); it != vecTsMeta[stationindex].end(); ++it) {
+	for (std::map<std::string, std::vector<DBO::tsMeta> >::iterator it = vecTsMeta[stationindex].begin(); it != vecTsMeta[stationindex].end(); ++it) {
 		for(size_t jj=0; jj<it->second.size(); jj++)
 			std::cout << it->first << " " << it->second[jj].toString() << "\n";
-	}*/
+	}
 
-	readTimeSerie(15, MeteoData::TA, dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
-	readTimeSerie(23, MeteoData::RH, dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
-	readTimeSerie(93, MeteoData::RSWR, dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
-	readTimeSerie(31, MeteoData::HS, dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
-	readTimeSerie(46, MeteoData::TSG, dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
+	readTimeSerie(15, MeteoData::TA, Start, End, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
+	readTimeSerie(23, MeteoData::RH, Start, End, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
+	readTimeSerie(93, MeteoData::RSWR, Start, End, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
+	readTimeSerie(31, MeteoData::HS, Start, End, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
+	readTimeSerie(46, MeteoData::TSG, Start, End, vecMeta[stationindex], vecMeteo);
 
 	/*for (size_t param=MeteoData::firstparam; param<=MeteoData::lastparam; param++) {
 
 	}*/
 }
 
+//dateStart and dateEnd should already be GMT
 void DBO::readTimeSerie(const unsigned int& ts_id, const MeteoData::Parameters& param, const Date& dateStart, const Date& dateEnd, const StationData& sd, std::vector<MeteoData>& vecMeteo)
 {
 	std::ostringstream ss_ID; ss_ID << ts_id;
 	const std::string base_url( data_endpoint + ss_ID.str() );
-	//const std::string period( "?from=" + dateStart.toString(Date::ISO_TZ) + "&until=" + dateEnd.toString(Date::ISO_TZ) );
-	const std::string period( string("?from=2016-11-17T13:00Z") + "&until=" + "2017-01-05T13:00Z" );
+	const std::string period( "?from=" + dateStart.toString(Date::ISO) + "Z&until=" + dateEnd.toString(Date::ISO)+"Z" );
+	//const std::string period( string("?from=2016-11-17T13:00Z") + "&until=" + "2017-01-05T13:00Z" );
 	const std::string request( base_url + period );
 
 	std::stringstream ss;
@@ -510,7 +514,10 @@ void DBO::readTimeSerie(const unsigned int& ts_id, const MeteoData::Parameters&
 		if (ss.str().empty()) throw UnknownValueException("Timeseries not found: '"+ss_ID.str()+"'", AT);
 		picojson::value v;
 		const std::string err( picojson::parse(v, ss.str()) );
-		if (!err.empty()) throw IOException("Error while parsing JSON: "+err, AT);
+		if (!err.empty()) {
+			std::cerr << ss.str() << "\n";
+			throw IOException("Error while parsing JSON: "+err, AT);
+		}
 
 		parseTimeSerie(ss_ID.str(), param, sd, v, vecMeteo);
 	} else {

meteoio/plugins/NetCDFIO.cc

@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ void NetCDFIO::write2DGrid_internal(Grid2DObject grid_in, const std::string& fil
 	}
 
 	if (is_record) {
-		size_t pos_start = ncpp::add_record(ncid, NetCDFIO::cf_time, vid_time, static_cast<double>( date.getUnixDate()/3600 ));
+		const size_t pos_start = ncpp::add_record(ncid, NetCDFIO::cf_time, vid_time, static_cast<double>(date.getUnixDate())/3600. );
 		ncpp::write_data(ncid, attr.var, vid_var, grid_in.getNy(), grid_in.getNx(), pos_start, data);
 	} else {
 		ncpp::write_data(ncid, attr.var, vid_var, data);

meteoio/plugins/PNGIO.cc

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ void PNGIO::setPalette(const Gradient &gradient, png_structp& png_ptr, png_infop
 	std::vector<unsigned char> pal;
 	size_t nr_colors;
 	gradient.getPalette(pal, nr_colors);
-	palette = (png_color*)calloc(sizeof (png_color), nr_colors); //ie: three png_bytes, each being an unsigned char
+	palette = (png_color*)calloc(nr_colors, sizeof (png_color)); //ie: three png_bytes, each being an unsigned char
 	for (size_t ii=0; ii<nr_colors; ii++) {
 		const size_t interlace = ii*3; //colors from Gradient interlaced
 		palette[ii].red = static_cast<png_byte>(pal[interlace]);
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ void PNGIO::writeDataSection(const Grid2DObject& grid, const Array2D<double>& le
 
 	// Allocate memory for one row (3 bytes per pixel - RGB)
 	const unsigned char channels = (indexed_png)? 1 : 3; //4 for rgba
-	png_bytep row = (png_bytep)calloc(channels*sizeof(png_byte), full_width);
+	png_bytep row = (png_bytep)calloc(full_width, channels*sizeof(png_byte));
 	if (row==NULL) {
 		fclose(fp); fp=NULL;
 		png_free_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_FREE_ALL, -1);
@@ -707,13 +707,13 @@ void PNGIO::writeMetadata(png_structp &png_ptr, png_infop &info_ptr)
 {
 	const size_t max_len = 79; //according to the official specs' recommendation
 	const size_t nr = metadata_key.size();
-	png_text *info_text = (png_text *)calloc(sizeof(png_text), nr);
-	char **key = (char**)calloc(sizeof(char)*max_len, nr);
-	char **text = (char**)calloc(sizeof(char)*max_len, nr);
+	png_text *info_text = (png_text *)calloc(nr, sizeof(png_text));
+	char **key = (char**)calloc(nr, sizeof(char)*max_len);
+	char **text = (char**)calloc(nr, sizeof(char)*max_len);
 
 	for (size_t ii=0; ii<nr; ii++) {
-		key[ii] = (char *)calloc(sizeof(char), max_len);
-		text[ii] = (char *)calloc(sizeof(char), max_len);
+		key[ii] = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
+		text[ii] = (char *)calloc(max_len, sizeof(char));
 		strncpy(key[ii], metadata_key[ii].c_str(), max_len-1); //in case the '\0' was not counted by maxlen
 		key[ii][max_len-1] = '\0'; //make sure it is null terminated
 		strncpy(text[ii], metadata_text[ii].c_str(), max_len-1);

meteoio/plugins/libncpp.cc

@@ -663,7 +663,8 @@ void calculate_dimensions(const mio::Grid2DObject& grid, double*& lat_array, dou
 	// corner to calculate the lat/lon intervals between cells
 	Coords urcorner(grid.llcorner);
 	urcorner.setGridIndex(static_cast<int>(grid.getNx() - 1), static_cast<int>(grid.getNy() - 1), IOUtils::nodata, true);
-	grid.gridify(urcorner); //no need to check the return value: we know it fits within the grid
+	if (grid.gridify(urcorner) )
+		throw IndexOutOfBoundsException("URcorner not within the grid... This should never happen!", AT);
 
 	const double lat_interval = (urcorner.getLat() - lat_array[0]) / static_cast<double>(grid.getNy()-1);
 	const double lon_interval = (urcorner.getLon() - lon_array[0]) / static_cast<double>(grid.getNx()-1);

meteoio/plugins/libsmet.cc

@@ -668,8 +668,13 @@ void SMETWriter::write(const std::vector<double>& data)
 void SMETWriter::print_if_exists(const std::string& header_field, std::ofstream& fout) const
 {
 	const std::map<string,string>::const_iterator it = header.find(header_field);
-	if (it != header.end())
-		fout << std::left << std::setw(16) << header_field << " = " << it->second << "\n";
+	if (it != header.end()) {
+		const std::ios_base::fmtflags flags = fout.setf(std::ios::left);
+		const std::streamsize width = fout.width(16);
+		fout << header_field << " = " << it->second << "\n";
+		fout.width(width);
+		fout.setf(flags);
+	}
 }
 
 void SMETWriter::write_header(std::ofstream& fout)
@@ -765,7 +770,6 @@ void SMETWriter::write_data_line_ascii(const std::string& timestamp, const std::
 	for (size_t ii = 0; ii < data.size(); ii++){
 		if (ii > 0) fout << " ";
 		if (timestamp_present && (timestamp_field == ii))	fout << timestamp << " ";
-
 		fout << setw(ascii_width[ii]) << setprecision(ascii_precision[ii]);
 		if (data[ii] == nodata_value) fout << nodata_string; //to have a nicer representation
 		else fout << data[ii];
@@ -1084,7 +1088,7 @@ void SMETReader::truncate_file(const std::string& date_stop) const
 	}
 	
 	std::ofstream fout; //for the tmp file
-	const std::string filename_tmp = filename + ".tmp";
+	const std::string filename_tmp( filename + ".tmp" );
 	fout.open(filename_tmp.c_str(), ios::out|ios::binary);
 	if (fout.fail()) {
 		ostringstream ss;
@@ -1100,7 +1104,13 @@ void SMETReader::truncate_file(const std::string& date_stop) const
 	fin.close();
 	
 	SMETCommon::copy_file(filename_tmp, filename);
-	remove(filename_tmp.c_str()); //delete temporary file
+
+	errno = 0;
+	if (remove(filename_tmp.c_str())!=0) { //delete temporary file
+		ostringstream ss;
+		ss << "Error deleting file \"" << filename << "\", possible reason: " << strerror(errno);
+		throw SMETException(ss.str(), SMET_AT);
+	}
 }
 
 void SMETReader::copy_file_header(std::ifstream& fin, std::ofstream& fout) const

meteoio/plugins/picojson.h

@@ -43,1063 +43,1118 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 // for isnan/isinf
-#if __cplusplus>=201103L
-# include <cmath>
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#include <cmath>
 #else
 extern "C" {
-# ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  include <float.h>
-# elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  include <mathimf.h>
-# else
-#  include <math.h>
-# endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <float.h>
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#include <mathimf.h>
+#else
+#include <math.h>
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
-# if (defined(__cpp_rvalue_references) && __cpp_rvalue_references >= 200610) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600)
-#  define PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE 1
-# else
-#  define PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE 0
-# endif
-#endif//PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
-
+#if (defined(__cpp_rvalue_references) && __cpp_rvalue_references >= 200610) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600)
+#define PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE 1
+#else
+#define PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE 0
+#endif
+#endif // PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
 
 // experimental support for int64_t (see README.mkdn for detail)
 #ifdef PICOJSON_USE_INT64
-# define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
-# include <errno.h>
-# include <inttypes.h>
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #endif
 
 // to disable the use of localeconv(3), set PICOJSON_USE_LOCALE to 0
 #ifndef PICOJSON_USE_LOCALE
-# define PICOJSON_USE_LOCALE 1
+#define PICOJSON_USE_LOCALE 1
 #endif
 #if PICOJSON_USE_LOCALE
 extern "C" {
-# include <locale.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef PICOJSON_ASSERT
-# define PICOJSON_ASSERT(e) do { if (! (e)) throw std::runtime_error(#e); } while (0)
+#define PICOJSON_ASSERT(e)                                                                                                         \
+  do {                                                                                                                             \
+    if (!(e))                                                                                                                      \
+      throw std::runtime_error(#e);                                                                                                \
+  } while (0)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-    #define SNPRINTF _snprintf_s
-    #pragma warning(push)
-    #pragma warning(disable : 4244) // conversion from int to char
-    #pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
-    #pragma warning(disable : 4702) // unreachable code
+#define SNPRINTF _snprintf_s
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244) // conversion from int to char
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702) // unreachable code
 #else
-    #define SNPRINTF snprintf
+#define SNPRINTF snprintf
 #endif
 
 namespace picojson {
 
-  enum {
-    null_type,
-    boolean_type,
-    number_type,
-    string_type,
-    array_type,
-    object_type
+enum {
+  null_type,
+  boolean_type,
+  number_type,
+  string_type,
+  array_type,
+  object_type
 #ifdef PICOJSON_USE_INT64
-    , int64_type
+  ,
+  int64_type
 #endif
-  };
+};
 
-  enum {
-    INDENT_WIDTH = 2
-  };
+enum { INDENT_WIDTH = 2 };
 
-  struct null {};
+struct null {};
 
-  class value {
-  public:
-    typedef std::vector<value> array;
-    typedef std::map<std::string, value> object;
-    union _storage {
-      bool boolean_;
-      double number_;
+class value {
+public:
+  typedef std::vector<value> array;
+  typedef std::map<std::string, value> object;
+  union _storage {
+    bool boolean_;
+    double number_;
 #ifdef PICOJSON_USE_INT64
-      int64_t int64_;
+    int64_t int64_;
 #endif
-      std::string* string_;
-      array* array_;
-      object* object_;
-    };
-  protected:
-    int type_;
-    _storage u_;
-  public:
-    value();
-    value(int type, bool);
-    explicit value(bool b);
+    std::string *string_;
+    array *array_;
+    object *object_;
+  };
+
+protected:
+  int type_;
+  _storage u_;
+
+public:
+  value();
+  value(int type, bool);
+  explicit value(bool b);
 #ifdef PICOJSON_USE_INT64
-    explicit value(int64_t i);
+  explicit value(int64_t i);
 #endif
-    explicit value(double n);
-    explicit value(const std::string& s);
-    explicit value(const array& a);
-    explicit value(const object& o);
+  explicit value(double n);
+  explicit value(const std::string &s);
+  explicit value(const array &a);
+  explicit value(const object &o);
 #if PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
-    explicit value(std::string&& s);
-    explicit value(array&& a);
-    explicit value(object&& o);
+  explicit value(std::string &&s);
+  explicit value(array &&a);
+  explicit value(object &&o);
 #endif
-    explicit value(const char* s);
-    value(const char* s, size_t len);
-    ~value();
-    value(const value& x);
-    value& operator=(const value& x);
+  explicit value(const char *s);
+  value(const char *s, size_t len);
+  ~value();
+  value(const value &x);
+  value &operator=(const value &x);
 #if PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
-    value(value&& x)throw();
-    value& operator=(value&& x)throw();
+  value(value &&x) throw();
+  value &operator=(value &&x) throw();
 #endif
-    void swap(value& x)throw();
-    template <typename T> bool is() const;
-    template <typename T> const T& get() const;
-    template <typename T> T& get();
-    template <typename T> void set(const T &);
+  void swap(value &x) throw();
+  template <typename T> bool is() const;
+  template <typename T> const T &get() const;
+  template <typename T> T &get();
+  template <typename T> void set(const T &);
 #if PICOJSON_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCE
-    template <typename T> void set(T &&);
+  template <typename T> void set(T &&);
 #endif
-    bool evaluate_as_boolean() const;
-    const value& get(const size_t idx) const;
-    const value& get(const std::string& key) const;
-    value& get(const size_t idx);
-    value& get(const std::string& key);
-
-    bool contains(const size_t idx) const;
-    bool contains(const std::string& key) const;
-    std::string to_str() const;
-    template <typename Iter> void serialize(Iter os, bool prettify = false) const;
-    std::string serialize(bool prettify = false) const;
-  private:
-    template <typename T> value(const T*); // intentionally defined to block implicit conversion of pointer to bool
-    template <typename Iter> static void _indent(Iter os, int indent);
-    template <typename Iter> void _serialize(Iter os, int indent) const;
-    std::string _serialize(int indent) const;
-    void clear();
-  };
-
-  typedef value::array array;
-  typedef value::object object;
-
-  inline value::value() : type_(null_type), u_() {}
+  bool evaluate_as_boolean() const;
+  const value &get(const size_t idx) const;
+  const value &get(const std::string &key) const;
+  value &get(const size_t idx);
+  value &get(const std::string &key);
+
+  bool contains(const size_t idx) const;
+  bool contains(const std::string &key) const;
+  std::string to_str() const;
+  template <typename Iter> void serialize(Iter os, bool prettify = false) const;
+  std::string serialize(bool prettify = false) const;
+
+private:
+  template <typename T> value(const T *); // intentionally defined to block implicit conversion of pointer to bool
+  template <typename Iter> static void _indent(Iter os, int indent);
+  template <typename Iter> void _serialize(Iter os, int indent) const;
+  std::string _serialize(int indent) const;