IOHandler.cmake.cc

/***********************************************************************************/
/*  Copyright 2009-2012 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research  SLF-DAVOS   */
/***********************************************************************************/
/* This file is part of MeteoIO.
    MeteoIO is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    MeteoIO is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
    along with MeteoIO.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#include <meteoio/IOHandler.h>

#cmakedefine PLUGIN_ARCIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_A3DIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_ARPSIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_GRASSIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_GEOTOPIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_SMETIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_SNIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_PGMIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_IMISIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_GRIBIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_PNGIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_BORMAIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_COSMOXMLIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_GSNIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_NETCDFIO
#cmakedefine PLUGIN_PSQLIO

#include <meteoio/plugins/ARCIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/A3DIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/ARPSIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/GrassIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/GeotopIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/PGMIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/SMETIO.h>
#include <meteoio/plugins/SNIO.h>

#ifdef PLUGIN_BORMAIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/BormaIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_COSMOXMLIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/CosmoXMLIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_IMISIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/ImisIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_GRIBIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/GRIBIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_GSNIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/GSNIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_NETCDFIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/NetCDFIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_PNGIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/PNGIO.h>
#endif

#ifdef PLUGIN_PSQLIO
#include <meteoio/plugins/PSQLIO.h>
#endif

using namespace std;

namespace mio {
 /**
 * @page plugins Plugins overview
 * The data access is handled by a system of plugins. They all offer the same interface, meaning that a plugin can transparently be replaced by another one. Since they might rely on third party libraries for accessing the data, they have been created as plugins, that is they are loaded on demand (and also compiled only if requested at compile time). A plugin can therefore fail to load (for example if it does not exist) at run time.
 *
 * @section available_categories Data sources categories
 * Several data sources categories have been defined that can be provided by a different plugin. Each data source category is defined by a specific key in the configuration file (usually, io.ini):
 * - METEO, for meteorological time series
 * - DEM, for Digital Elevation Maps
 * - LANDUSE, for land cover information
 * - GRID2D, for generic 2D grids (they can contain meteo fields and be recognized as such or arbitrary gridded data)
 * - POI, for a list of Points Of Interest that can be used for providing extra information at some specific location (extracting time series at a few selected points, etc)
 *
 * A plugin is "connected" to a given data source category simply by giving its keyword as value for the data source key:
 * @code
 * METEO = SMET
 * DEM = ARC
 * @endcode
 * Each plugin might have its own specific options, meaning that it might require its own keywords. Please check in each plugin documentation the supported options and keys (see links below).
 * Moreover, a given plugin might only support a given category for read or write (for example, PNG: there is no easy and safe way to interpret a given color as a given numeric value without knowing its color scale, so reading a png has been disabled).
 * Finally, the plugins usually don't implement all these categories (for example, ArcGIS file format only describes 2D grids, so the ARC plugin will only deal with 2D grids), so please check what a given plugin implements before connecting it to a specific data source category.
 *
 * @section available_plugins Available plugins
 * So far the following plugins have been implemented (by keyword for the io.ini key/value config file). Please read the documentation for each plugin in order to know the plugin-specific keywords:
 * <center><table border="1">
 * <tr><th>Plugin keyword</th><th>Provides</th><th>Description</th><th>Extra requirements</th></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage a3d "A3D"</td><td>meteo, poi</td><td>original Alpine3D meteo files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage arc "ARC"</td><td>dem, landuse, grid2d</td><td>ESRI/ARC ascii grid files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage arps "ARPS"</td><td>dem, grid2d</td><td>ARPS ascii formatted grids</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage borma "BORMA"</td><td>meteo</td><td>Borma xml meteo files</td><td><A HREF="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/">libxml++</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage cosmoxml "COSMOXML"</td><td>meteo</td><td>MeteoSwiss COSMO's postprocessing XML format</td><td><A HREF="http://xmlsoft.org/">libxml2</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage geotop "GEOTOP"</td><td>meteo</td><td>GeoTop meteo files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage grass "GRASS"</td><td>dem, landuse, grid2d</td><td>Grass grid files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage gribio "GRIB"</td><td>meteo, dem, grid2d</td><td>GRIB meteo grid files</td><td><A HREF="http://www.ecmwf.int/products/data/software/grib_api.html">grib-api</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage gsn "GSN"</td><td>meteo</td><td>connects to the Global Sensor Network web service interface</td><td><A HREF="http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/">libcurl</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage imis "IMIS"</td><td>meteo</td><td>connects to the IMIS database</td><td><A HREF="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B12037_01/appdev.101/b10778/introduction.htm">Oracle's OCCI library</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage netcdf "NETCDF"</td><td>meteo, dem, grid2d</td><td>NetCDF grids and meteorological timeseries</td><td><A HREF="http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/index.jsp">NetCDF-C library</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage pgmio "PGM"</td><td>dem, grid2d</td><td>PGM grid files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage pngio "PNG"</td><td>dem, grid2d</td><td>PNG grid files</td><td><A HREF="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html">libpng</A></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage psqlio "PSQL"</td><td>meteo</td><td>connects to PostgreSQL database</td><td><A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL</A>'s libpq</td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage smetio "SMET"</td><td>meteo, poi</td><td>SMET data files</td><td></td></tr>
 * <tr><td>\subpage snowpack "SNOWPACK"</td><td>meteo</td><td>original SNOWPACK meteo files</td><td></td></tr>
 * </table></center>
 *
 * @section data_generators Data generators
 * It is also possible to duplicate a meteorological parameter as another meteorological parameter. This is done by specifying a COPY key, following the syntax
 * new_name::COPY = existing_parameter. For example:
 * @code
 * VW_avg::COPY = VW
 * @endcode
 * This creates a new parameter VW_avg that starts as an exact copy of the raw data of VW, for each station. This newly created parameter is
 * then processed as any other meteorological parameter (thus going through filtering, generic processing, spatial interpolations). This only current
 * limitation is that the parameter providing the raw data must be defined for all stations (even if filled with nodata, this is good enough).
 */

IOInterface* IOHandler::getPlugin(const std::string& plugin_name) const
{
#ifdef PLUGIN_ARCIO
	if (plugin_name == "ARC") return new ARCIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_A3DIO
	if (plugin_name == "A3D") return new A3DIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_ARPSIO
	if (plugin_name == "ARPS") return new ARPSIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_GRASSIO
	if (plugin_name == "GRASS") return new GrassIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_GEOTOPIO
	if (plugin_name == "GEOTOP") return new GeotopIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_SMETIO
	if (plugin_name == "SMET") return new SMETIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_SNIO
	if (plugin_name == "SNOWPACK") return new SNIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_PGMIO
	if (plugin_name == "PGM") return new PGMIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_IMISIO
	if (plugin_name == "IMIS") return new ImisIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_GRIBIO
	if (plugin_name == "GRIB") return new GRIBIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_PNGIO
	if (plugin_name == "PNG") return new PNGIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_BORMAIO
	if (plugin_name == "BORMA") return new BormaIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_COSMOXMLIO
	if (plugin_name == "COSMOXML") return new CosmoXMLIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_GSNIO
	if (plugin_name == "GSN") return new GSNIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_NETCDFIO
	if (plugin_name == "NETCDF") return new NetCDFIO(cfg);
#endif
#ifdef PLUGIN_PSQLIO
	if (plugin_name == "PSQL") return new PSQLIO(cfg);
#endif

	return NULL; //no plugin found
}

//this is actually an object factory
IOInterface* IOHandler::getPlugin(const std::string& cfgkey, const std::string& cfgsection)
{
	std::string op_src;
	cfg.getValue(cfgkey, cfgsection, op_src);

	if (mapPlugins.find(op_src) == mapPlugins.end()) {
		mapPlugins[op_src] = getPlugin(op_src);
		if (mapPlugins[op_src]==NULL)
			throw IOException("Cannot find plugin " + op_src + " as requested in file " + cfg.getSourceName() + ". Has it been activated through ccmake? Is it declared in IOHandler::getPlugin?", AT);
	}

	return mapPlugins[op_src];
}

//Copy constructor
IOHandler::IOHandler(const IOHandler& aio)
           : IOInterface(), cfg(aio.cfg), mapPlugins(aio.mapPlugins), excluded_params(aio.excluded_params),
             copy_parameter(aio.copy_parameter), copy_name(aio.copy_name), enable_copying(aio.enable_copying), excludes_ready(aio.excludes_ready)
{}

IOHandler::IOHandler(const Config& cfgreader)
           : IOInterface(), cfg(cfgreader), mapPlugins(), excluded_params(), copy_parameter(), copy_name(), enable_copying(false), excludes_ready(false)
{
	parse_copy_config();
}

IOHandler::~IOHandler() throw()
{
	// Get rid of the objects
	std::map<std::string, IOInterface*>::iterator mapit;
	for (mapit = mapPlugins.begin(); mapit!=mapPlugins.end(); ++mapit) {
		delete mapit->second;
	}
}

IOHandler& IOHandler::operator=(const IOHandler& source) {
	if(this != &source) {
		mapPlugins = source.mapPlugins;
		excluded_params = source.excluded_params;
		copy_parameter = source.copy_parameter;
		copy_name = source.copy_name;
		enable_copying = source.enable_copying;
		excludes_ready = source.excludes_ready;
	}
	return *this;
}

void IOHandler::read2DGrid(Grid2DObject& grid_out, const std::string& i_filename)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("GRID2D", "Input");
	plugin->read2DGrid(grid_out, i_filename);
}

void IOHandler::read2DGrid(Grid2DObject& grid_out, const MeteoGrids::Parameters& parameter, const Date& date)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("GRID2D", "Input");
	plugin->read2DGrid(grid_out, parameter, date);
}

void IOHandler::readDEM(DEMObject& dem_out)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("DEM", "Input");
	plugin->readDEM(dem_out);
	dem_out.update();
}

void IOHandler::readLanduse(Grid2DObject& landuse_out)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("LANDUSE", "Input");
	plugin->readLanduse(landuse_out);
}

void IOHandler::readStationData(const Date& date, STATIONS_SET& vecStation)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("METEO", "Input");
	plugin->readStationData(date, vecStation);
}

void IOHandler::readMeteoData(const Date& dateStart, const Date& dateEnd,
                              std::vector<METEO_SET>& vecMeteo,
                              const size_t& stationindex)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("METEO", "Input");
	plugin->readMeteoData(dateStart, dateEnd, vecMeteo, stationindex);
	checkTimestamps(vecMeteo);
	if (!excludes_ready) create_exclude_map();
	exclude_params(vecMeteo);

	copy_parameters(stationindex, vecMeteo);
}

void IOHandler::writeMeteoData(const std::vector<METEO_SET>& vecMeteo,
                               const std::string& name)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("METEO", "Output");
	plugin->writeMeteoData(vecMeteo, name);
}

void IOHandler::readAssimilationData(const Date& date_in, Grid2DObject& da_out)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("DA", "Input");
	plugin->readAssimilationData(date_in, da_out);
}

void IOHandler::readPOI(std::vector<Coords>& pts) {
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("POI", "Input");
	plugin->readPOI(pts);
}

void IOHandler::write2DGrid(const Grid2DObject& grid_in, const std::string& name)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("GRID2D", "Output");
	plugin->write2DGrid(grid_in, name);
}

void IOHandler::write2DGrid(const Grid2DObject& grid_in, const MeteoGrids::Parameters& parameter, const Date& date)
{
	IOInterface *plugin = getPlugin("GRID2D", "Output");
	plugin->write2DGrid(grid_in, parameter, date);
}

/**
* Make sure all timestamps are unique and in increasing order
*/
void IOHandler::checkTimestamps(const std::vector<METEO_SET>& vecVecMeteo) const
{
	for (size_t stat_idx=0; stat_idx<vecVecMeteo.size(); ++stat_idx) { //for each station
		const size_t nr_timestamps = vecVecMeteo[stat_idx].size();
		if (nr_timestamps==0) continue;

		Date previous_date( vecVecMeteo[stat_idx].front().date );
		for (size_t ii=1; ii<nr_timestamps; ++ii) {
			const Date& current_date = vecVecMeteo[stat_idx][ii].date;
			if (current_date<=previous_date) {
				const StationData& station = vecVecMeteo[stat_idx][ii].meta;
				throw IOException("Error at time "+current_date.toString(Date::ISO)+" for station \""+station.stationName+"\" ("+station.stationID+") : timestamps must be in increasing order and unique!", AT);
			}
			previous_date = current_date;
		}
	}
}

void IOHandler::create_exclude_map()
{
	string exclude_file;
	cfg.getValue("EXCLUDE", "Input", exclude_file, IOUtils::nothrow);
	excludes_ready = true;

	if (exclude_file.empty()) return;

	//if this is a relative path, prefix the path with the current path
	const std::string prefix = ( IOUtils::isAbsolutePath(exclude_file) )? "" : IOUtils::getPath(cfg.getSourceName(), true)+"/";
	const std::string path = IOUtils::getPath(prefix+exclude_file, true);  //clean & resolve path
	const std::string filename = path + "/" + IOUtils::getFilename(exclude_file);

	std::ifstream fin; //Input file streams
	fin.open(filename.c_str(), std::ifstream::in);
	if (fin.fail()) throw FileAccessException(filename, AT);

	try {
		const char eoln = IOUtils::getEoln(fin); //get the end of line character for the file

		vector<string> tmpvec;
		string line;

		while (!fin.eof()) { //Go through file
			getline(fin, line, eoln); //read complete line meta information
			IOUtils::stripComments(line);
			const size_t ncols = IOUtils::readLineToVec(line, tmpvec, ',');

			if (ncols > 1) {
				for(vector<string>::iterator it = tmpvec.begin()+1; it != tmpvec.end(); ++it) {
					IOUtils::toUpper(*it);
				}

				const set<string> tmpset(tmpvec.begin()+1, tmpvec.end());
				excluded_params[ tmpvec[0] ] = tmpset;
			}
		}
	} catch (const std::exception&) {
		fin.close();
		throw;
	}

	fin.close();
}

void IOHandler::exclude_params(std::vector<METEO_SET>& vecVecMeteo) const
{
	if (excluded_params.empty()) return;

	for (size_t station=0; station<vecVecMeteo.size(); ++station) {
		const string stationID = vecVecMeteo[station][0].meta.stationID;
		const map< string, set<string> >::const_iterator it = excluded_params.find(stationID);
		if (it == excluded_params.end()) continue;

		const set<string> excluded = it->second;

		for (size_t ii=0; ii<vecVecMeteo[station].size(); ++ii) {
			std::set<std::string>::const_iterator it_set;
			for (it_set=excluded.begin(); it_set != excluded.end(); ++it_set) {
				const string param = *it_set;
				if (vecVecMeteo[station][ii].param_exists(param))
					vecVecMeteo[station][ii](param) = IOUtils::nodata;
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
* Parse [Input] section for potential parameters that the user wants
* duplicated (as '%%::COPY = %%')
*/
void IOHandler::parse_copy_config()
{
	vector<string> copy_keys;
	const size_t nrOfMatches = cfg.findKeys(copy_keys, "::COPY", "Input", true); //search anywhere in key

	for (size_t ii=0; ii<nrOfMatches; ++ii) {
		const string name_of_copy = copy_keys[ii].substr( 0, copy_keys[ii].find_first_of(":") );
		string initial_name;
		cfg.getValue(copy_keys[ii], "Input", initial_name);
		if ((name_of_copy.length() > 0) && (initial_name.length() > 0)){
			copy_parameter.push_back(initial_name);
			copy_name.push_back(name_of_copy);
			enable_copying = true;
		}
	}
}

/**
* This procedure runs through the MeteoData objects in vecMeteo and according to user
* configuration copies a certain present meteo parameter to another one, named by the
* user in the [Input] section of the io.ini, e.g.
* [Input]
* TA2::COPY = TA
* means that TA2 will be the name of a new parameter in MeteoData with the copied value
* of the meteo parameter MeteoData::TA
*/
void IOHandler::copy_parameters(const size_t& stationindex, std::vector< METEO_SET >& vecMeteo) const
{
	if (!enable_copying) return; //Nothing configured

	if (stationindex != IOUtils::npos && stationindex>=vecMeteo.size())
		throw IndexOutOfBoundsException("Accessing stationindex in readMeteoData that is out of bounds", AT);

	const size_t station_start = (stationindex==IOUtils::npos)? 0 : stationindex;
	const size_t station_end = (stationindex==IOUtils::npos)? vecMeteo.size() : stationindex+1;
	const size_t nr_of_params = copy_parameter.size();
	vector<size_t> indices; //will hold the indices of the parameters to be copied

	for (size_t ii=station_start; ii<station_end; ++ii) { //for each station
		for (size_t jj=0; jj<vecMeteo[ii].size(); ++jj) { //for each MeteoData object of one station

			if (jj==0) { //buffer the index numbers
				for (size_t kk=0; kk<nr_of_params; ++kk) {
					const size_t param_index = vecMeteo[ii][jj].getParameterIndex(copy_parameter[kk]);
					if (param_index == IOUtils::npos) {
						std::ostringstream ss;
						ss << "At " << vecMeteo[ii][jj].date.toString(Date::ISO) << ", station " << vecMeteo[ii][jj].meta.stationID;
						ss << " has no parameter \"" << copy_parameter[kk] << "\" to copy!\n";
						throw InvalidArgumentException(ss.str(), AT);
					}

					indices.push_back(param_index);
				}
			}

			for (size_t kk=0; kk<nr_of_params; ++kk) {
				const size_t newparam = vecMeteo[ii][jj].addParameter(copy_name[kk]);
				vecMeteo[ii][jj](newparam) = vecMeteo[ii][jj](indices[kk]);
			}
		}
		indices.clear(); //may change for every station
	}
}

const std::string IOHandler::toString() const
{
	std::ostringstream os;
	os << "<IOHandler>\n";
	os << "Config& cfg = " << hex << &cfg << dec << "\n";

	os << "<mapPlugins>\n";
	std::map<std::string, IOInterface*>::const_iterator it1;
	for (it1=mapPlugins.begin(); it1 != mapPlugins.end(); ++it1) {
		os << setw(10) << it1->first << " = " << hex <<  it1->second << dec << "\n";
	}
	os << "</mapPlugins>\n";

	os << "<excluded_params>\n";
	std::map< std::string, std::set<std::string> >::const_iterator it_exc;
	for (it_exc=excluded_params.begin(); it_exc != excluded_params.end(); ++it_exc) {
		os << setw(10) << it_exc->first << " = ";
		std::set<std::string>::const_iterator it_set;
		for (it_set=(it_exc->second).begin(); it_set != (it_exc->second).end(); ++it_set)
			os << *it_set << " ";
		os << "\n";
	}
	os << "</excluded_params>\n";

	os << "</IOHandler>\n";
	return os.str();
}

} //end namespace